Social Media And The Arab Spring - 1447 Words

According to the data from the Arab Social Media Report 2011 by Mourtada and Salem, the amount social media usage increased immensely during the Arab Spring period from January 1 to March 30. The number of Facebook users in the Arab nations had almost doubled, up from 14,791,972 (as of April 2010) to 27,711,503 (as of April 2011) (Mourtada and Salem 9). Similarly, in the first three months of 2011, the number of tweets increased from 55 million to 155 million a day (Mourtada and Salem 15). This increase in social media usage was to spread awareness regarding the Arab Spring revolution. The Arab Spring was a series of democratic revolutions in the Middle East that resulted in government changes in some Arab countries. According to Howard†¦show more content†¦According to Fahim in Slap to a Man’s Pride Set Off Tumult in Tunisia, on Dec. 17, 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi in Tunisia, a street vendor, placed himself on fire after a policewoman embarrassed him in public and forecl osed his fruit stand. After a few weeks, the images of Bouazizi in flames were released to the internet by Shamseddine Abidi, a 29-year old interior designer. Abidi posted the images on his Facebook page. At the same time, news of the unrest was spreading quickly on Arabic television channels, as well as the foreign news channels (5). Similar to Bouazizi in Tunisia, in Preston’s Movement Began With Outrage and a Facebook Page That Gave It an Outlet, a picture of Khaled Mohamed Said’s bruised face, from Egypt, was spread on the internet by Said s family and caused an enormous outcry. According to data from a project on Information Technology and Political Islam by Howard, Aiden, Deen, Muzammil, Will, and Marwa, during four days from May 16 to May 20, 2011, the most prominent videos loaded into YouTube with the keyword â€Å"Egypt†, jan25 received nearly 2,127,384 million views (29). Another example, is from the backdrop of the Syrian refugees crisis 2015, which American media does not cover as much, but through many of the images that were posted on my friends’ Facebooks, I know this is a â€Å"great humanitarian crisis. Social media has created a bridge that brings people in the world together in spite of the difference of

Eco 561 Business Proposal for Mcdonalds Essay - 1224 Words

McDonalds Business Proposal Paper ECO/561 February 3, 2012 McDonalds Business Proposal McDonalds has always been a company that shares in the happiness of a child. Recently after taking my own children to McDonalds, I have found that there is not a breakfast option for children. McDonalds should add a happy meal option to the breakfast menu. Current demands by consumers are to add a happy meal option allowing parents to purchase child sized portions of breakfast items. This option could help McDonalds to increase profits by attracting more consumers. Shareholder reports show a quarterly cash dividend per share increase of 15% and annual dividend of $2.80 per share. Comparable sales grew 5.6%. Cash by operations increased $808†¦show more content†¦* The degree of elasticity will tell McDonalds how much they can raise prices before sales start to decline. Not everyone can afford to eat out all the time and people who do go out for breakfast are usually going to work or dropping children off at school. * Calculation Elasticity of Add ing Happy Meal (Q2-Q1/Q1) Q1 - 20 Q2 - 23 total quantity demand increase total 15%. (P2-P1/P1) P1 - $6 P2 - $3 total price decreased by 5%. Divide percent change in quantity by price 15% divided by 5% = 3% elasticity. Company’s Strategies to Increase Revenue * Exploring the competition to see what the others are doing in terms of fast-food breakfasts and children. * Customer focusing strategies to see what other customers want in the children’s breakfast meals. This can be done through questionnaires and feedback surveys both in and out of the store. * Using proper training methods to ensure quality service to customers. * Proper introduction in promoting the new breakfast will ensure customers know about the new product. Define the Economic Theory and Show How You Can Determine the Profit-Maximizing Quantity. * Economic theory is a theory of commercial activities (such as the production and consumption of goods), (McConnell, Brue, amp; Flynn, 2009). * Determining the profit-maximizing quantity requires and understanding the economic concept ofShow MoreRelatedStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesOur thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University and Colin Gilligan Professor of Marketing Sheffield Hallam University and Visiting Professor, Northumbria University AMSTERDAM †¢ BOSTON †¢ HEIDELBERG †¢ LONDON †¢ NEW YORK †¢ OXFORD PARIS †¢ SAN DIEGORead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand Cases, Fifth Edition Seppanen, Kumar, and Chandra, Process Analysis and Improvement, First Edition Simchi-Levi, Kaminsky, and Simchi-Levi, Designing and Managing the Supply Chain: Concepts, Strategies, Case Studies, Third Edition Sterman, Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for Complex World, First Edition Stevenson, Operations Management, 10th Edition Swink, Melnyk, Cooper, and Hartley, Managing Operations Across the Supply Chain, First Edition Thomke, Managing Product and ServiceRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesTrust Others? 280 glOBalization! Forming International Teams in a Virtual World 291 Myth or Science? â€Å"Asians Have Less Ingroup Bias Than Americans† 292 An Ethical Choice Should You Use Group Peer Pressure? 294 Point/Counterpoint Affinity Groups Fuel Business Success 298 Questions for Review 297 Experiential Exercise Wilderness Survival 299 Ethical Dilemma Is Social Loafing Shirking? 300 Case Incident 1 Negative Aspects of Collaboration? 300 Case Incident 2 Herd Behavior and the Housing Bubble (and Collapse)

Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act Current Event Free Essays

The Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act or CISPA is legislation that is currently being resurrected in the House of Representatives after failing to make it to a vote in the senate last year as reported as previously threatened with veto by President Obama.(WILHELM, 2013). According to the bill’s author, as reported by Wilhelm (2013) the bill aims to allow more sharing of â€Å"cyber threat intelligence† between the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act Current Event or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. government and private sectors. There is quite a threat to individual freedom of speech and privacy if this bill is enacted. The proposed legislation would give tremendous powers to private industry if passed and severely limit the ways in which users enjoy privacy on the internet. Individual’s simply pirating movies or software could be classified as â€Å"cyber-threats† and become the target of combined governmental and civilian action. Personally, I perceive the proposed legislation as a threat to freedom of speech and privacy. Because of technology, terrorism and widespread global unrest, Americans’ have given the government powers beyond what our founders ever envisioned as evidenced by the most recent renewal of The Patriot Act As cyber threats evolve it is vital to have legislation to enable appropriate response, however this legislation must be carefully crafted as to not allow any party to be above the law. Reference: http://thenextweb.com/microsoft/2013/02/23/recently-hacked-heres-microsofts-statement-on-pending-cybersecurity-legislation/ WILHELM, M. (2013, Febuary 23). Recently hacked, here’s Microsoft’s statement on pending cybersecurity legislation. Retrieved from THE NEXT WEB: http://thenextweb.com/microsoft/2013/02/23/recently-hacked-heres-microsofts-statement-on-pending-cybersecurity-legislation/ How to cite Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act Current Event, Papers

Effects of insomnia on body and mind free essay sample

Effects on the Heart. Insomnia can raise the risk of developing coronary heart disease or ischaemic heart disease. However, this increased danger is very modest compared with other risk factors for heart disease. Effects on Weight. Insomnia or sleeplessness or wakefulness can cause weight gain and obesity. Obesity problem in the United States might have insomnia as one of its causes. Sleep deprivation or sleeplessness might disrupt the hormones that regulate glucose metabolism and can cause weight gain. The association between insomnia and obesity is strongest in young and middle-age adults. Effects of Insomnia on growth. Highest levels of growth hormones are released into the bloodstream when we are sleeping. Although release of growth hormones is a continuous process and our body releases these growth hormones throughout the day and night but the level of release is highest during night and when we are sleeping. Because insomnia or sleep deprivation results in a decrease in the release of these hormones, there is an adverse effect on height and growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of insomnia on body and mind or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Effects of Insomnia on the healing process. Sleeplessness also weakens our immune system and a sleep deprived person will take more time to heal a wound than a normal healthy sleeper. There can be very bad effects of insomnia on the quality of life. Although Insomnia is not life threatening, except in very rare cases, where the person is suffering from fatal familial insomnia. Insomnia produces side-effects that can impact people of all ages. However, there are also differences in the way insomnia affects younger and older people. Effects of Insomnia on Mood and Quality of Life It has been found that the people suffering from severe insomnia have a quality of life as poor as people who have chronic problems, such as heart failure. If you are suffering from insomnia, you may complain of more daytime sleepiness, lack of alertness and memory problems. Insomnia also lead to irritability, more mistakes at work and school, and poorer relationships at home and office. Effect on Thinking and Performance. Insomnia makes it harder to concentrate and perform tasks. People with lack of sleep often complain of mental health symptoms such as nervousness, chronic fatigue, anxiety, restlessness and irritability. Reduced concentration. Insomnia or sleeplessness causes reduction in concentration. You cannot stay focused on the task at hand if you did not have a long and refreshing spell of sleep. Sleep deprivation impairs the brains ability to process information. Impaired task performance. If you stay sleep deprived for only 2 3 hours every night for a week, your work performance will be impaired. An Australian study reported that 17 hours of sleep deprivation causes impaired performance levels comparable to those found in people who have blood alcohol levels indicating intoxication. If a person who needs eight hours of sleep per night gets only six hours of sleep. This two-hour Sleep deprivation can have a big impact including :

Monkey See Monkey Do free essay sample

The brain development of a child is more simplistic than it is complex. Much of how a child’s brain is developed is not only by what he or she may hear, but also by what he or she observes. Many studies have been conducted to prove that a child is more than likely going to imitate who he or she sees and implement that particular observation into action and will not but those actions through a conductive reasoning process until he or she develops the skill to reason, which does not develop until â€Å"3 or 4 years old,† according to scholastic. com. A specific study was held by Standford University using 33 boys, and 33 girls ranging from the ages 42-71 months. Each child was taken into a dimly lit room, and as he or she sat in the room a program began to play. This particular program was shown of a woman who was placed in a room with a Bo-Bo Doll (a blow-up doll with a weight in the bottom of it). We will write a custom essay sample on Monkey See Monkey Do or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the woman entered the room, she began to mess around with the doll by hitting, punching, taking objects from around the room to wallop the doll, she took a toy gun and pretended to shoot the doll, and at one point she sat on the doll and began to rapidly punch the doll. When the program ended, the children were asked to move to another room. This room was full of toys, and the Bo-Bo Doll. Behind a two-sided mirror psychologists observed each child’s behavior and how they interacted with the Bo-Bo Doll. Long explanation short, there was not one child that did not beat on, or demonstrate one or more of the actions that he or she observed while watching the program prior to being placed in the room with the Bo-Bo Doll. Nonetheless, even scientists have found that not only children are influenced by observation, but also how influential each person’s, no matter what age, actions can be through the eyes of the observer. The way in which a person develops his or her worldview is not primarily based off of what he or she will hear, but rather by what he or she observes. Much like the idea, or the cliche, that â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder,† the way in which each individual has conducted his or her reality is through his or her own perception of that reality, which then stems from his or her observations to conduct and form a given reality. Though the idea of perception being at the core of one’s reality, it is possible that perception has also, like reality, been formed through pure observations and imitations. As an adult, you can see that the very behavior of observation and the perception of reality infiltrating its way into our culture, every day. Take the world of reality TV for example; you’re a tan, blonde 23 year old and you’re sitting in your Lazy-Boy, kicking back with a bag of Doritos. As you pick up the remote control, point it at the television set and press the on button, on comes the 52† flat screen TV. Beginning to flip vicariously through the channels, while flipping though any infomercial and commercial that you find yourself stumbling upon, until you find The Hills. Eating your Doritos you find yourself completely immersed in the reality, or lack thereof, of the The Hills. Living in luxury, taking note of the emphasis on the outward appearance and materialistic lifestyle, slowly but surely your perception of their reality (on The Hills) is slowly developing into what you believe that reality should look like. Then, after 140 episodes of The Hills you find yourself visiting the tanning bed 4-5 per week, maxing credit cards out for Gucci Italian leather handbags and other designer materials, an STD, and loans that you aren’t able to pay off because you decided that you wanted a BMW Sport like one of the main characters on The Hills. Nonetheless, your perception of reality was distorted, or better yet created, through a world that you solely observed. Of course this analogy is much too the extreme, but it was created to prove a point, â€Å"monkey see, monkey do. Much of what an individual does says, or how a person perceives is observed through his or her upbringing. Nonetheless, brain development, and the sensation of perception only continues to form each and every day. This may be one of the reasons why Gandhi said, â€Å"A man is but the product of his thoughts what he thinks, he becomes. † Whatever a person puts into his or her mind is essentially what he or she becomes. The perception of reality forms a reality that it custom to a particular perception. Aristotle said, â€Å"The energy of the mind is the essence of life. †

Ordinal Number Definition and Examples

Ordinal Number Definition and Examples An ordinal number is a number that indicates position or order in relation to other numbers: first, second, third, and so on. Contrast these types of numbers with cardinal numbers  (in math theyre also called natural numbers and integers), those numbers that represent countable quantity.   Ordinal numbers  do not represent quantity, notes Mark Andrew Lim, but rather indicate rank and position, such as the fifth car, the twenty†fourth bar, the second highest marks, and so on(The Handbook of Technical Analysis, 2012). Learning Ordinals If you are teaching ordinals to English language learners, introduce the concept by reviewing cardinal numbers. Then continue with the ordinals to contrast the concepts. Also, introduce the term last as a position vocabulary word. Examples of Ordinals All ordinal numbers carry a suffix: -nd, -rd, -st, or -th.  Ordinal numbers can be written as words (second, third) or as numerals followed by abbreviations  (2nd, 3rd). first (1st)second (2nd)third (3rd)fourth (4th)fifth (5th)sixth (6th)seventh (7th)eighth (8th)ninth (9th)tenth (10th)eleventh (11th)twelfth (12th)twentieth (20th)twenty-first (21st)twenty-second (22nd)twenty-third (23rd)twenty-fourth (24th)thirtieth (30th)one hundredth (100th)one thousandth (1,000th)one millionth (1,000,000th)one billionth (1,000,000,000th) Using Ordinal Numbers and Cardinal Numbers Together When a cardinal number and an ordinal number modify the same noun, the ordinal number always precedes the cardinal number: The first two operations were the most difficult to watch. The second three innings were quite dull. In the first example, the ordinal number first precedes the cardinal number two. Both first and two are determiners. In the second example, the ordinal number second precedes the cardinal number three. Both second and three are determiners. Try reading the sentences with the ordinal and cardinal numbers reversed. They simply sound wrong.(Michael Strumpf and Auriel Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Owl Books, 2004) More Tips on Using Ordinal Numbers Spell out ordinal numbers- first, second, third, fourth- except when quoting from another source. In the interests of saving space, they may also be expressed in numerals in notes and references. ... Use words for  ordinal numbers in names, and for numerical street names ... : the Third Reich the Fourth Estate a fifth columnist Sixth Avenue a Seventh-Day Adventist ... Use figures for ages expressed in cardinal numbers, and words for ages expressed as ordinal numbers or decades: a girl of 15 a 33-year-old man between her teens and twenties in his 33rd year (R. M. Ritter, New Harts Rules: The Handbook of Style for Writers and Editors. Oxford University Press, 2005) Do not use the ordinal (th, st, rd, nd) form of numbers when writing the complete date: January 15 is the date for the examination. However, you may use the ordinal suffixes if you use only the day: The 15th is the date for the examination. ... Write out ordinal numbers when they contain just one word: third prize, tenth in line, sixtieth anniversary, fifteenth birthday. Use numerals for the others: the 52nd state, the 21st Amendment.(Val Dumond, Grammar for Grownups. HarperCollins, 1993)

Eisenhower's Farewell Address Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Eisenhower's Farewell Address - Essay Example However, the subsequent events, including the Vietnam war, the Cold War, and the Gulf wars, have created dilemma in the minds of intellectual citizens who want to live with peace, liberty, and security. It seems that some nations consider the mighty armaments industry of the USA as a threat, which also jeopardizes global security, liberty, and peaceful harmony. The cold war still persists between Russia and the USA, and the two countries consider each other as enemies even though many agreements have been signed in the past (Pesov, 2010). The message of Eisenhower reiterated expansion of military to support the peaceful goals, but it seems that the USA has invited more jealousy and animosity. North Korea, Iran, Lebanon, and several Muslim countries are increasing their military strength to match the mightiness of the American military establishment. Isn’t the peaceful goal lost somewhere? Haven’t the desires of American leaders to manufacture sophisticated arms and to s ell them at profit to other countries subdued the peaceful goals of American citizens? The recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have claimed the lives of millions of innocent civilians in addition to killing soldiers.

Investigating Sustainable Tourism Research Paper

Investigating Sustainable Tourism - Research Paper Example Suriname is located in the northeast of South America, with influences from a variety of cultures, from African and Amerindian to Asian, Dutch, and Jewish (Turquoise.net 2010). Suriname is not dominated by many beach areas that can compare to surrounding areas of the Caribbean, but it is lined with rivers that create a great web of travel into the beauty of the interior jungles. This makes the area a great spot for eco-tourists to see the natural wonders of the rainforests and jungle areas that house an enormous array of wildlife. Since there is little in the way of tourism infrastructure, the resources of the country can be exploited to attract the growing number of eco-tourists that are wanting to explore the natural world on their vacations and holidays. The concept of eco-tourism is based on the idea that the adventure that is available from the beauty of nature is captured in a single experience or group of experiences designed for a period of time within a vacation. According to Ziffer (1989), ecotourism is an adventure that is designed around an indigenous culture, takes place in a relatively underdeveloped area, attempts to leave the area having left no mark upon the eco-system that has been visited while contributing to the local economy, an opportunity to gain an appreciation for the natural resources of the visited area, and represents a dedication by the host region to preserve the natural beauty they hold through funding provided by the ecotourism market (p. 6). One of the prime purposes of the availability of the adventure is to help preserve the natural environments that the tour has exploited so that urban development will not spoil the land. There are some problems with developing a sustainable tourist trade through the ecotourism travel tours.

Strategy Management in Entrepreneurial Vs. Large Public Corporations Research Paper

Strategy Management in Entrepreneurial Vs. Large Public Corporations - Research Paper Example A market that is left entirely at the mercies of private investors becomes capitalist in nature with every single investor coming up with individualistic schemes to maximize profits. It is, therefore, prudent for governments to protect their citizens from the exploitative nature of the private investors; this is best accomplished through the introduction of public corporations. In the transport sector, the government manages major train transport system and sets the fare for travelers. Other investors who would get interested in the industry would thus set their fares around that set by the government because should they charge exorbitantly no client would seek their services. From the above study, the difference between these two is very clear: entrepreneurial ventures are set to fetch profits while public corporations seek to level the market. The entrepreneur must consequently put into considerations the above stated factors and at the same time consider the position of public cor porations. ... They must also be able to manipulate the market factors to ensure that they attract the highest number of customers that would enable them achieve just that. All that differs is the technique that both entities employ to maneuver these market factors. Techniques Entrepreneurial venture uses a combination of techniques to achieve maximum profit, the most common of these techniques and one that is most utilized is advertising. This is the easiest way of ensuring and enhancing brand visibility. Advertising is mainly aimed at creating publicity for the products and services that are offered by a given entity. This is normally accompanied by a brand positioning statement which in most cases is exaggerated. Some of the advertising avenues that are often used include television and radio. In modern times and following the invention of the internet and the onset of the social media, the limit and possibilities of advertising are endless. The adverts commonly run in the media are more attract ive and more expensive. They are also run in both the public and public media which makes them the more expensive. The entrepreneurial ventures also offer much more complimentary services and reliability. A transport company would offer more comfort, safety and security of the customer and their luggage. The entrepreneurs normally study the market effectively before setting up to undertake any investment in the sectors in which they are interested. In this study, major concentration is normally given to determining the faults of other players and then capitalizing on these faults to better their services thus boosting their trades. The public corporations also use certain techniques to ensure that they get the customers necessary to

Proposal to Cease Testing Blood Donations for CMV

Proposal to Cease Testing Blood Donations for CMV Status Public Executive summary (200 words) In response to SaBTO recommendations for replacing CMV seronegative cellular blood components with leucodepleted blood components, an implementation project has been established pending approval from the Board. The proposed implementation date of January 2018 is considered a realist timeframe for this approach. Communication with clinicians indicates the acceptance of leucodepleted components as CMV safe, replacing the selection of CMV seronegative components. Information has been obtained regarding international practices and use of leucodepletion with respect to CMV. This paper sets out key information on the proposed replacement of CMV seronegative blood products with leucodepleted blood products, provides recommendations of the optimal strategy to achieve this, and takes into consideration patient groups that may be affected. Action requested (bulleted list) The Board is asked to: Note the implementation plans for the introduction of CMV safe blood products Approve the proposal to cease production of all CMV seronegative blood products that undergo leucodepletion and consider these products as CMV safe Approve the proposal to continue the production of CMV seronegative red cell and platelet components for intra-uterine transfusions and neonates Approve the proposal to continue the production of CMV seronegative granulocyte components for CMV seronegative patients Approve the proposal to continue the production of CMV seronegative blood components for seronegative and seropositive pregnant women that require transfusions throughout pregnancy Agree the recommendation to continue to implement CMV PCR as a screening method for early detection for all haemopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients Purpose of paper (1 paragraph) For over 30 years, there has been an ongoing debate regarding the use of CMV seronegative blood components versus the use of leucodepleted blood components. To date, the use of CMV seronegative blood products has been implemented to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus in patients considered at risk. Leucodepletion has been performed on all blood products in the UK since 1999. This paper provides an overview on the use of CMV seronegative blood products in comparison to the use of leucodepleted blood components. This paper provides an assessment of patient groups that are considered at risk of CMV and considers advantages to ceasing of CMV testing in the UK. Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a pervasive, cell-associated prototypic virus that is a member of the betaherpesvirus subfamily (Ziemann and Hennig, 2014; Ljungman, 2004). CMV mostly causes asymptomatic infection or mononucleosis-like-infection in an immunocompetent host; however, in an immunocompromised host it can result in chronic and persistent infection with devastating outcomes (Seed et al., 2015). Patient groups that are considered at risk of life-threatening transfusion-transmitted CMV infection includes CMV seronegative patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and solid organ transplantation, low birth weight and premature neonates, foetuses that require intrauterine transfusion, CMV seronegative pregnant women, and highly immunocompromised patients, such as those with malignant disease (Ziemann and Hennig, 2014; SaBTO, 2012). CMV infection is frequently encountered throughout childhood and an estimated 50 60% of the adult population in the United Kingdom (UK) are CMV positive (SaBTO, 2012). CMV infection can be transmitted both horizontally and vertically (Crough and Kannah, 2009). Horizontal transmission occurs through contact with body fluids, such as urine and saliva, sexually through genital secretions, blood transfusion, and hematopoietic stem cell and organ transplant (SaBTO, 2012; Sia and Patel, 2000). Vertical transmission occurs from mother to child, via delivery and breast milk (Crough and Kannah, 2009). Additionally, congenital CMV infection is highly prevalent and may arise through a primary maternal infection during pregnancy (Crough and Kannah, 2009). Following exposure to CMV and the initial infection, the virus remains in a dormant state (Ljungman, 2004). Seroconversion of the host occurs between 6 8 weeks and mounts an immune response, producing CMV specific immunoglobulin (IgG) (Seed et al., 2014). In the UK, there is an estimated seroconversion rate of 1% per annum (SaBTO, 2012). CMV therefore has a window period, in which there may be underlying viremia and high viral load (Liberman et al., 2011). Subsequently, a CMV seropositive individual is considered to have been infected, whilst at the same time considered potentially infectious due to the life-long persistence of the virus (SaBTO, 2012). Transfusion-transmitted CMV infection is regarded as a potential threat to the safety and sufficiency of the blood supply for a multitude of reasons (Roback, 2002). Firstly, transfusion-transmission of CMV that is present in blood and blood components can result in the infection of naà ¯ve recipients (Ziemann and Hennig, 2014; Ljungman, 2004). Secondly, transfusion-transmitted CMV is acknowledged as a primary source of infection, in which donor infectivity is an underlying reason, that may result in CMV disease (Ljungman, 2004). Thirdly, CMV seropositive recipients that are exposed to blood products containing CMV may cause reactivation of the latent virus or reinfection from a new strain (Ziemann and Hennig, 2014; Ljungman, 2004). However, the risk of transfusion-transmitted CMV infection has been significantly reduced through the implementation of leucodepletion and production of specific CMV negative blood and blood products (Ziemann and Hennig, 2014). Since November 1999, all blood products (unless state otherwise) produced by the UK blood service are leucodepleted (Guidelines for the Blood Transfusion Services in the United Kingdom, 2013). Initially, this was a response taken to reduce the risk of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD) disease in blood transfusions; however, this risk reduction strategy has proven beneficial in additional areas of transfusion science and blood safety (Guidelines for the Blood Transfusion Services in the United Kingdom, 2013). The UK specification for leucodepletion is: more than 90% of leucocyte-depleted components should contain less than 1 x 106 leucocytes and more than 99% of components should contain less than 5 x 106 leucocytes (SaBTO, 2012). The specification for 99% of components is regarded as the level in which blood components are deemed CMV safe (SaBTO, 2012). Leucodepletion has considerably reduced the risk of transfusion-transmitted CMV, to a level that mirrors the selection of CMV negative blood products (Ljungman, 2004; Bowden et al., 1995). However, it has yet to be shown to what extent the techniques are comparable and how this may affect patient groups considered at risk of CMV infection (Ljungman, 2004). It is important to note that whilst leucodepletion removes most white cells from blood products, it is not 100% effective (Kumar, 2006). Therefore, there is a residual risk of CMV transmission in blood products of recently infected donors (Kumar, 2006). This occurs in the window period of the virus from 6 8 weeks to 1 year following seroconversion, in which the virus may be present in the remaining plasma or white cells (SaBTO, 2012; Ziemann et al., 2010; Drew and Roback, 2007). CMV transmission can occur in both donors that have an active infection, including primary or reactivated, or latent infection (Azevedo, 2015). The leading mechanism of transfusion-transmitted CMV infection is through mononuclear cells that are believed to harbour a latent infection (Ljungman, 2004). CMV is thought to persist in circulating monocytes, in which an estimated 1 in 10,000 and 1 in 100,000 peripheral blood monocular cells carry CMV (SaBTO, 2012). Pennington et al (2001) conducted a study that provided evidence to suggest that leucodepletion filters are highly effective in removing mononuclear cells and may reduce CMV levels to 0.1 viral copies per mL in leucodepleted blood. Furthermore, blood products that have been leucodepleted are monitored continuously, using flow cytometry, to assess efficiency (SaBTO, 2012). Moreover, the prospect of having a component issued that contains a leucocyte count above the UK specification can be calculated (SaBTO, 2012). In regards to testing for transfusion-transmitted CMV, there are two main methods that are used. This includes serological testing and Nucleic Acid Technology (NAT) testing (SaBTO, 2012). Serological testing involves the use of antibody screening which is accomplished through the use of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests that detect total CMV antibody (Ross, 2011). Screening for CMV infection using serology is the most prevalent method used and is based on the agglutination principle (Ross, 2011; Ljungman, 2004). The method offers several advantages as it is fast, highly sensitive, and highly specific, constituting an ideal screening test (Ross, 2011). This method, however, is associated with two key limitations. Firstly, the window period presents a challenge in regards to activation of the primary infection and seroconversion (Ljungman, 2004). Secondly, there is a risk of obtaining false negative screening results (Ljungman, 2004). Therefore, there is a risk that CMV may be transmitted via a CMV seronegative component (SaBTO, 2012). In addition to serology, NAT testing is used to detect CMV DNA and subsequent infection (Ross, 2011). Several qualitative and quantitative assays are available for this method (SaBTO, 2012). This screening method is associated with variation in the sensitivity and specificity of available assays (Roback et al., 2003;2001). Studies have highlighted inter-laboratory variation for samples containing low viral load (Pang et al, 2009; Wolff et al., 2009). As a result, a CMV DNA reference has been developed for comparison of results when sensitivity is a challenge (Ross, 2011). To produce a supply of CMV negative blood and blood components, several donations are screened each year. Overall, an estimated 25 40% of donors are CMV antibody positive, dependent on age. The production and use of CMV negative blood components forms a significant undertaking for the blood service. According to the report released by the Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues, and Organs (SaBTO) in March 2012, in the last 5 years, the number of CMV negative platelets and red cells has increased. The report notes that NHSBT charge  £7.76 for CMV negative red cells and platelets, covering the inventory and screening costs. This amounts to a total of  £2.5 million per annum, in which  £230,000 is dedicated to apheresis platelets and  £2,270,000 to red cells. The number of donations that are screened is greater than the number of donations that are issued as CMV negative. In addition, not all donations screened will deliver a negative result. Subsequently, it has been proposed that the use and production of CMV negative components is reviewed. SaBTO recommends the use of a single inventory and accepting leucodepleted blood products as CMV safe. This is outlined in section 6. Proposal 6.1 This proposal has been written to ask the blood centre to consider ceasing CMV testing for an agreed list of blood products and in its replacement, support the use of leucodepleted blood components that are considered CMV safe. 6.2 The proposal of ceasing CMV testing for the replacement of leucodepleted components that are considered CMV safe is associated with several advantages. Inventory management Management of a single inventory would offer an advantage to blood banks and hospitals. This would be a preferred method to the current used for ease of access. NHSBT must ensure CMV negative components are available across the country on multiple NHS sites. To achieve this, NHSBT spend approximately  £95,000 n the delivery of CMV negative components. Wastage The Belgian Blood Service have produced a report that states implementation of pathogen reduction in platelets to inactivate CMV may result in an overall decrease in the wastage of platelets. A 1.5% reduction is estimated, which would result in a saving of  £0.22 million. Improved compliance with safety initiatives Reduction in the wastage of blood products and implementation of a single inventory would enable the target of 80% platelets by apheresis to be met sooner. Furthermore, this would support transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) prevention, as the number of male platelet donors would increase due to enhanced recruitment strategies. This would further enable costs of HLA antibody screening of potential female platelet donors to be avoided. Reduction in hospital blood bank workload Because of the removal of CMV seronegative components, the workload in hospitals and blood banks would decrease. Staff would no longer have to spend time ordering or checking platelets as CMV negative components. This would have a direct positive impact on the stock management. Staff that may potentially be free from the responsibility associated with CMV negative products will be able to invest their time elsewhere, to improve the efficiency of the blood service. Reduction in clinical errors The Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) have reported from 2000 to 2010, 1040 reports were filed stating special requirements were not met. Of these, 83 were attributed to the inappropriate selection of blood components that were not CMV negative. 65 were attributed to selection of blood components that were both CMV negative and irradiated components. However, none of these cases reported CMV transmission. 6.3 The proposed implementation date of this project is January 2018. Further clinical guidance is to be requested from SaBTO who will instruct in the implementation plan of this proposal. 6.4 Consideration must be given to specific patient groups that are considered at risk of CMV infection. This includes: Haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients Leucodepleted blood products can be used for all patient groups post haemopoietic stem cell transplantation Patients receiving transfusions and may need a transplant also may receive leucodepleted products CMV PCR should be used to assess CMV infection for patient groups to enable early detection and treatment Intra-uterine transfusions and neonates CMV negative components should be provided for intra-uterine transfusions and neonates (up to 28 days post expected due date) All blood products produced at a reduce size for neonates should be CMV seronegative Pregnant patients CMV seronegative blood products should be provided to pregnancy women, regardless of CMV status. Components should also be provided for transfusions throughout pregnancy, for example in the case of haemoglobinopathies. HIV and immunodeficient patients These patients should receive leucodepleted blood as there is no evidence to suggest a benefit with the use of CMV seronegative components Organ transplant patients Organ transplant patients should receive leucodepleted blood only CMV PCR should be used to assess CMV infection for patient groups to enable early detection and treatment Granulocytes Granulocyte components provided should be CMV seronegative for all patients as these components cannot be leucodepleted 6.5 Potential impact on blood centre employees includes the reduction in workload. Considerations needs to be given towards how this workload can be replaced. Consideration also needs to be given towards the possibility of redundancy, as a successive effect of this proposal. 6.6 The board must be aware of the clinical and financial benefits of this proposal; however, the board should also be aware of potential limitations regarding the operation of the proposal. The board should also be aware of potential legal repercussions should someone become infected with CMV through a blood component. 6.7 Stakeholders that will need to be involved include both internal and external. Internal stakeholders will include the manager of the NHSBT site and the head of testing. External stake holders will need to raise public awareness regarding the change in production of seronegative CMV components. Doctors will also need to be aware of the changes implemented to CMV negative components and be aware of who this applies for. E.g. certain patient groups will still receive CMV seronegative components. References A. Ross, S., Novak, Z., Pati, S. and B. Boppana, S. (2011). Overview of the Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Infection. Infectious Disorders Drug Targets, 11(5), pp.466-474. Azevedo, L., Pierrotti, L., Abdala, E., Costa, S., Strabelli, T., Campos, S., Ramos, J., Latif, A., Litvinov, N., Maluf, N., Caiaffa Filho, H., Pannuti, C., Lopes, M., Santos, V., Linardi, C., Yasuda, M. and Marques, H. (2015). Cytomegalovirus infection in transplant recipients. Clinics, 70(7), pp.515-523. Crough, T. and Khanna, R. (2009). Immunobiology of Human Cytomegalovirus: from Bench to Bedside. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 22(1), pp.76-98. DOH UK, (2012). SaBTO Report of Cytomegalovirus Tested Blood Components, Position Statement. [online] pp.1 15. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/215125/dh_133086.pdf [Accessed 13 Mar. 2017]. Drew, W. and Roback, J. (2007). Prevention of transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus: reactivation of the debate? Transfusion, 47(11), pp.1955-1958. Guidelines for the Blood Transfusion Services in the United Kingdom. 8th Edition, TSO Norwich, http://www.transfusionguidelines.org/transfusion-handbook/3-providing-safe-blood. [Accessed 25/10/2016] Kumar, H., Gupta, P., Mishra, D., Sarkar, R. and Jaiprakash, M. (2006). Leucodepletion and Blood Products. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 62(2), pp.174-177. Ljungman, P. (2004). Risk of cytomegalovirus transmission by blood products to immunocompromised patients and means for reduction. British Journal of Haematology, 125(2), pp.107-116. Pang, X., Fox, J., Fenton, J., Miller, G., Caliendo, A. and Preiksaitis, J. (2009). Interlaboratory Comparison of Cytomegalovirus Viral Load Assays. American Journal of Transplantation, 9(2), pp.258-268. Pennington, J., Garner, S., Sutherland, J. and Williamson, L. (2001). Residual subset population analysis in WBC-reduced blood components using real-time PCR quantitation of specific mRNA. Transfusion, 41(12), pp.1591-1600. Roback, J. (2002). CMV and blood transfusions. Reviews in Medical Virology, 12(4), pp.211-219. Roback, J., Drew, W., Laycock, M., Todd, D., Hillyer, C. and Busch, M. (2003). CMV DNA is rarely detected in healthy blood donors using validated PCR assays. Transfusion, 43(3), pp.314-321. Roback, J., Hillyer, C., Drew, W., Laycock, M., Luka, J., Mocarski, E., Slobedman, B., Smith, J., Soderberg-Naucler, C., Todd, D., Woxenius, S. and Busch, M. (2001). Multicenter evaluation of PCR methods fordetecting CMV DNA in blood donors. Transfusion, 41(10), pp.1249-1257. Seed, C., Wong, J., Polizzotto, M., Faddy, H., Keller, A. and Pink, J. (2015). The residual risk of transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus infection associated with leucodepleted blood components. Vox Sanguinis, 109(1), pp.11-17. Sia, I. and Patel, R. (2000). New Strategies for Prevention and Therapy of Cytomegalovirus Infection and Disease in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 13(1), pp.83-121. Wolff, D., Heaney, D., Neuwald, P., Stellrecht, K. and Press, R. (2009). Multi-Site PCR-Based CMV Viral Load Assessment-Assays Demonstrate Linearity and Precision, but Lack Numeric Standardization. The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, 11(2), pp.87-92. Ziemann, M. and Hennig, H. (2014). Prevention of Transfusion-Transmitted Cytomegalovirus Infections: Which is the Optimal Strategy?. Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy, 41(1), pp.7-7. Ziemann, M., Unmack, A., Steppat, D., Juhl, D., Gà ¶rg, S. and Hennig, H. (2010). The natural course of primary cytomegalovirus infection in blood donors. Vox Sanguinis, 99(1), pp.24-33.

Reason Why Teens Use Drugs :: Drugs, Social Issues, Legal Issues

The reasons why teenagers use drugs. Drug use is the increasing problem among teenagers in today's High schools. Ever since the drug war of 1900, drugs have been a major problem in todays society. Use of drugs such as opium, morphine, and their derivatives were quite commonplace in nineteenth century America. While most students of contemporary high school drug education programs know about the use of coca leaves in early Coca-Cola and the opium trade with China, the matter of drug addiction at the turn of the century is much more extensive than usually acknowledged. It is estimated that by 1975 there were somewhere in the neighborhood of 550,000 regular users of addictive drugs in the U.S. While this number may seem large (taking into consideration the smaller population of the country in 1970s as compared to today) it is actually surprisingly small even when such drugs were available over the counter. Cocaine, morphine, laudanum, and heroin were all available in drug stores and through the mail. Until the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, banned the sale and distribution of these such drugs In local shops and stores ,and through the mail.Today, all of these drugs are illegal Including the most popular drug among teens and in the united states, marijuana. Most drug use begins in the preteen and teenage years, these years most crucial in the maturation process. During these years, teenagers are faced with difficult tasks of discovering their self identity, as well as their sexual roles,becoming independence, learning to cope with authority and searching for goals that would

Genetically Modified foods Persuasion Essay Essay

Many are not aware of the ongoing debate of whether or not products in grocery stores across the country should label their products in a way to provide consumer awareness regarding foods containing genetically modified ingredients. One statistic states, â€Å"an estimated sixty to seventy percent of processed foods in grocery stores contain at least one genetically engineered ingredient† (Byrne). This statistic reveals the prevalence of these ingredients found in grocery stores, yet the effects they have on the products Americans consume can be proven very minor. Throughout various studies and research there are countless reasons why labelling these foods can be viewed as unnecessary. Genetically-modified foods should not have to be labeled because of the complex unresolved issues regarding which foods should be labelled, the expensive costs for the resources and technology required of labeling, and the fact that there are no significant differences between genetically modified food and non-genetically modified food. While labelling might seem like a simple process, it has many complex issues that need to be resolved in order to create the necessary standards required to create a beneficial labelling system. What many do not realize is that in order to label these products effectively, we must develop standards that allow the labels to be equally and accurately distributed amongst all genetically modified foods. Certain questions must be answered, such as determining what percentage of genetically modified ingredients there are in a certain product in order for it to be considered for a label. Debates over whether the percentage standards should be . 01% or 1% have been discussed, while other countries such as Japan have a minimum percentage rate of 5% (Byrne). In addition, the decision of labelling products produced from livestock that are fed genetically modified crops remains unanswered. This issue can be found irrelevant due to the fact that there is no difference found in meat, egg, or dairy products derived from GM fed livestock and non-GM fed livestock. Overall, one can see that the idea of labeling genetically modified products is not only difficult, but an extremely controversial and undefined process. Outside of the cost of paper and ink for labelling, the technology required for the labelling of every GM food on the market would result in a significant price increase imposed on both the producer and consumer. An increased cost on food is an unnecessary expenditure that can easily be avoided if there simply was not a labeling policy that required producers to label genetically modified foods. These high costs result from the extensive process of labelling that would begin with the farmer and end with the retailer. This process would need to include very detailed record-keeping and tests that would be required alongside producing the genetically modified foods. Other problems regarding the cost of these labels include the willingness of consumers to buy products containing these ingredients and the increase of costs on these products from the new labelling. Both of these dilemmas result in a negative effect on the manufacturer’s business and their respective products (Carter). All in all, the price increases and substantial costs of creating these special labels would create a negative economic impact on both the buyer and seller. In addition to the unreasonable costs and logistical difficulties posed, the differences between the nutritional content of genetically modified food and the nutritional content of conventionally derived foods are found to be minuscule. Conventional foods can be defined as the crops grown on farms such as corn or sugar using herbicides or pesticides. Throughout various tests on GM foods versus conventional foods, it has been proven that GM foods have no nutritional difference from conventional foods and do not place any greater effect on human health (Lawrence). Furthermore, the FDA already requires foods that do possess a significantly different nutritional value due to modifications must provide labelling that exposes the nutritional changes. Examples of circumstances where these labels would be mandatory are when they contain certain allergens that consumers would not expect or a toxin that could be harmful when excessively consumed is present (Byrne). Labels on foods are used to notify consumers of when they are purchasing foods that are harmful to their health and genetically modified foods do not fall into that category. In short, placing these labels on all genetically modified foods is excessive due to the small differences they carry regarding their nutritional value and content. In conclusion, genetically modified foods should not have to be labeled to a certain degree because of the complex unresolved issues, the expensive costs for the resources and technology required for labeling, and the fact that there are no significant differences between genetically modified foods and conventional foods. These three key points argue that labelling these modified foods would result in undesirable effects on our economy beginning with the producers and ending with the people consuming these foods. Allowing the public to be conscious of when they are consuming these particular products might seem like a reasonable proposition, but the negative outcomes tremendously outweigh the benefits. Works Cited Byrne, P. â€Å"Labeling of Genetically Engineered Foods. † Labeling of Genetically Engineered Foods. Colorado State University, Sept. 2010. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. Carter, C. A. , & Gruere, G. P. Mandatory labeling of genetically modified foods: Does it really provide consumer choice?. AgBioForum, 68-70. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. Lawrence, Katherine. â€Å"GM, Conventional & Organic Foods. † GM, Conventional & Organic Foods. Plant Based Health, 30 Aug. 2010. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.

Analysis and Questions for the poem Daddy Essay

1. Discuss the poet’s use of apostrophe in its direct address to the father figure. How does Plath stage that address as a kind of declaration of independence in the decisive tone with which she at once judges and dismisses the father? The poem Daddy, written by Sylvia Plath, is a text which reveals to the reader, the nature of the persona’s relationship with her father as well as the impact that her father’s death had on her. Being a confessional poem, the reader can assume that it is about Plath herself. The purpose of this poem is so that Plath can purge herself of her emotions as she feels abandoned by her father after his death. The very title gives away the fact that Plath’s emotional growth has been stunted and that she feels like an abandoned child. Throughout the poem, Plath uses many stylistic devices. She is successful in creating a tone of hatred, disgust, and finality. Relationships with men were not her strong point by any means, and Plath’s negative attitude towards men is clear. One of her stylistic devices is the use of apostrophe. An apostrophe in a poem is a group of words that are spoken to a person who is absent or imaginary, or to an object or abstract idea. In the poem, the speaker’s use of apostrophe illustrates an attitude of power. Apostrophe is the next best thing to talking directly to the father, which is impossible, as he is dead. The speaker has conquered her fears, she was able to kill the father inside of her, and an ultimate demonstration of power is the ability to address someone directly, without having to hide behind the cloak of a method other than the second person. In the last lines, the apostrophe gives more power to the poem. â€Å"Daddy, daddy, you bastard,† has more effect on the audience than, â€Å"Daddy was a bastard.† 2. Consider how the poet’s sing-song rhyme pattern of the opening stanza darkly invokes a childhood world of Mother Goose rhymes appropriate to the poet’s regression back into the role of daughter to the dead patriarch. The structure of the poem is similar to that of a nursery rhyme, which reveals Plath’s child mentality. An analysis of the straight rhyme scheme lulls the reader into a hypnotic state and the language is relatively free from the kind of ominous and dark imagery and terms that will arrive as the poem by Sylvia Plath progresses. This nursery rhyme’s innocence is obliterated quickly with each and with the images and language of Nazism and several weighty references to horrible wars. The first stanza writes: You do not do, you do not do Any more, black shoe In which I have lived like a foot For thirty years, poor and white, In this stanza, the poem starts with the speaker declaring that she will no longer put up with the black shoe she’s lived in, poor and scared, for thirty years. She uses the second person throughout the poem, saying â€Å"you,† who, as we find out, is â€Å"Daddy.† This means that she is comparing her father to a shoe that she has been living in very unhappily, however, she is not going to put up with it anymore. This stanza reminds the reader of a nursery rhyme – the old woman who lived in a shoe. The repetition of â€Å"you do not do† in the first line even makes this stanza sound a little singsong-y. But this is no happy nursery rhyme – the speaker is poor, and won’t dare to breathe or sneeze, meaning that she feels trapped and scared. 3. How does Plath capture the ambiguity of her relation to the dead patriarch in her pun on the word through in the last lines of the poem? The poem reaches its crescendo with the line â€Å"Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I’m through†. The speaker has threatened that she’s through with her father before, in line 68. But the repetition of the word â€Å"Daddy† here, the addition of the word â€Å"bastard,† and the phrase â€Å"I’m through† makes this condemnation final. Before this, the speaker has used the word â€Å"Daddy† only four times in an 80-line poem, not counting the title. Using this affectionate term for father twice in the last line makes it sound almost like she’s beating on his chest to get her point across. The use of the word â€Å"bastard† seems to be what this poem has worked itself up to. The speaker has tried out every way possible to criticize her father – he’s a Nazi, the devil, and a vampire. But, in the end, she just wanted to get out a good verbal punch, calling her father a bastard. Furthermore, in this line, the contrast brings to light the destructive conflict in the speaker’s mind, that of loving and hating her addressee simultaneously. 4. The poem draws an analogy between women’s oppression and that of the Jewish victims of the Nazi death camps. Do you think this analogy is appropriate? The themes prevalent in this poem are oppression and emancipation. The notion of oppression is evident when Plath uses the metaphors Nazi’ and Jew’ to describe her father and herself. This imago connotes that she is dependent on her father for survival as well as the fact that she is battling an internal war inside her and that she at this point, is a victim because of her father’s abandonment. Her mental suffering is further reinforced by the allusions to the Nazi concentration camps, as it reinforces the fact that she is a victim and that she is unable to escape from the psychological hold that her father has on her. This analogy does make sense in the poem however it is a very drastic and dramatic example.

Free Essays on Imperialism Arguements

The White Man’s Burden and Confessions of Faith European imperialism emerged in the early eighteen hundreds and continued into the early nineteen hundreds. While Rome used imperialism as a means to acquire territory and land, Europeans not only wanted to obtain land, but also wanted to achieve power, politically and economically. The countries wanted the control of overseas bases to keep ships and troops supplied and ready whenever you needed. A large number of Europeans went overseas to try and help unfortunate people. European governments built a government structure and taught the people how to rule in a civilized fashion. Christianity was also spread in the process. Desire to increase in wealth, power, and land strived the idea of imperialism to emergence. The British Writer Rudyard Kipling termed Europe’s benefiting of the â€Å"backward† peoples of Africa and Asia in â€Å"The White Man’s Burden†. â€Å"Why should we not form a secret society with but one object the furtherance of the British Empire and the bringing of the whole uncivilized world under British rule...?† (Cecil Rhodes) The above quote is taken from the form of final testament, Confessions of Faith by Cecil Rhodes. Rhodes was one of the greatest of all the European empire builders. Cecil Rhodes expounds his views on racial supremacy, religion and imperialism in this piece of literature. Cecil Rhodes’ wants to create to secret society composed of people who want to expand their power overseas to gain more wealth and power economically and politically. He demands more territory under Anglo Saxon influence. He wants the idea of imperialism to be taught in universities and schools so it can be transferred to the next generation. Rhodes was the driving force behind British Imperialism in South Africa. Cecil Rhodes wishes Europe to seize every opportunity of acquiring more land, and power over the world. He proclaims that Anglo Saxon is the best human ... Free Essays on Imperialism Arguements Free Essays on Imperialism Arguements The White Man’s Burden and Confessions of Faith European imperialism emerged in the early eighteen hundreds and continued into the early nineteen hundreds. While Rome used imperialism as a means to acquire territory and land, Europeans not only wanted to obtain land, but also wanted to achieve power, politically and economically. The countries wanted the control of overseas bases to keep ships and troops supplied and ready whenever you needed. A large number of Europeans went overseas to try and help unfortunate people. European governments built a government structure and taught the people how to rule in a civilized fashion. Christianity was also spread in the process. Desire to increase in wealth, power, and land strived the idea of imperialism to emergence. The British Writer Rudyard Kipling termed Europe’s benefiting of the â€Å"backward† peoples of Africa and Asia in â€Å"The White Man’s Burden†. â€Å"Why should we not form a secret society with but one object the furtherance of the British Empire and the bringing of the whole uncivilized world under British rule...?† (Cecil Rhodes) The above quote is taken from the form of final testament, Confessions of Faith by Cecil Rhodes. Rhodes was one of the greatest of all the European empire builders. Cecil Rhodes expounds his views on racial supremacy, religion and imperialism in this piece of literature. Cecil Rhodes’ wants to create to secret society composed of people who want to expand their power overseas to gain more wealth and power economically and politically. He demands more territory under Anglo Saxon influence. He wants the idea of imperialism to be taught in universities and schools so it can be transferred to the next generation. Rhodes was the driving force behind British Imperialism in South Africa. Cecil Rhodes wishes Europe to seize every opportunity of acquiring more land, and power over the world. He proclaims that Anglo Saxon is the best human ...

Impact of Globalization on Small Businesses in Canada Research Proposal

Impact of Globalization on Small Businesses in Canada - Research Proposal Example There has been increasing emphasis on the impact of globalization on the small businesses all over the globe. On one hand, it is perceived that globalization is beneficial for the growth and development of the overall global economy. But, on the other hand, according to some of the analysts globalization have negative implications for different organizations and economies. There have been several research studies in order to understand and explore the impact of the globalization.According to the research study conducted by Julien, Joyal, and Deshaies (1994), that small and medium enterprises (SME’s) in the small regions of Quebec started to take different defensive measures and secure their competitive position in the market in response to the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) of 1988 between United States of American and Canada. This research study also concluded that the main challenge for the Small and medium enterprises (SME’s) in the era of globalization and free trade is to come up with effective and efficient strategies in order to respond to the increasing competition from the organizations all over the world.Another important aspect of globalization is related to the changing technology and its implications on the business. In this regard, Dholakia & Kshetri (2004), conducted research for identifying the different factors which influence the internet adoption process of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). For this purpose, the researchers conducted a mail survey in order to test the research hypothesis. This research study concluded that there are several internal and external factors responsible for the adoption of the internet in Small and Medium enterprises (SME). However, most prominent external pressure in this regard if of the increasing global competitive pressure. The research study could have been able to generate more comprehensive results if it would have included the adoption

Selection of research subjects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Selection of research subjects - Essay Example population, is to convey the opinion that such disproportional representation is not fair and does not make the most of the diversity available, while bordering on racist inclinations and gender inequality, as well. It also attempts to put forth a convincing argument, with evidences, to uphold the fact that inclusion of the blacks, as well as, the female population would certainly lead to a better prospect for the industry, since to throws up lurking talent, while also paving way for a more balanced research. This not only wipes out grievances that exist in the non-represented part of the population, but also promotes equality and brotherhood. Clinical research is a particularly difficult topic. In most research communities industrial and federal agencies have been, for more than a decade, refusing to obtain information about inconsistent drug effects on patients based on race, ethnicity, gender and age. I will discuss the model development, study design in relate to clinical trials. Also I will talk about the participant factors in general and my personal factors. The last point I will be discussing is the ethnically diverse patients. ANALYSIS SELECTION OF SUBJECTS The ideal path towards success for any industry, is to make the most out of the man power and talent pool available. Under such circumstances, the selection of candidates is a crucial phase. Priority attached to a particular strata or section of the society, while leaving out the others, is often dangerous as it paves way for inequality and further, it does not recognise the talent of the rest of the masses. Our core industry and area in this article, is that of the U.S. clinical research, wherein majority of the individuals enrolled for the research are white males. The very mention of 'white males' highlights the fact that two important sections of the society---the females and the blacks are not very prominently represented in the enrolment. In the Model Development the proposed Model for Clinical Trial Participation was developed based on a literature review and experiences with subject participation. Analysis and use of the model in implementation of clinical trials may be helpful in all research disciplines. The model identifies barriers and issues related to clinical trial participation, strategies that can be used for success, and outcomes for successful clinical trials. A literature review indicated that successful clinical trials depend on certain key issues and factors: study design, participant factors, issues related to ethnic diversity, the informed consent process, and physician factors. Strategies for success are identified in the model to overcome these issues and concerns, and specific outcomes are identified. Healthcare providers across disciplines can use the model prior to and during enrolment of patients into studies. A literature review revealed specific barriers and factors related to the success of clinical trials. The major barriers identified were study design, participant factors (i.e., general and personal issues related to special populations), the

BUS599 - Integrative Project, Mod 2 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BUS599 - Integrative Project, Mod 2 SLP - Essay Example Product X5 X5 product would be delivered to those customers who concern more about its price rather than its performance. In this regard, the product i.e. X 5 could be sold at a price of$290 keeping its performance to be almost constant but with a little decline from 2012-2015. This can be better understood with the help of the following table. Source: (Elson, n.d.) It can be observed from the above table that X5 performed well in its growth stage. But gradually, the performance of X5 has been observed to be decline at a minimum rate from its growth to maturity stage. It can be stated that the strategy employed by Joe Schmoe relating to the product X5 is better than Clipboard as Joe succeeded in maintaining steady performance. The financial data of X5 product of Clipboard has been provided hereunder (Komninos, 2002). X5 2012 2013 2014 2015 Sales 1521170 1939864 1742696 1059089 Revenue 441139433 562560659 505381705 307135801 Variable cost 346,152,154 375,821,546 598,751,425 358,694,21 6 Total cost 457,896,321 331,245,789 304,578,126 256,871,361 Profit 130043864 189381008 161777375 66072456 Product X6 X6 product will be targeted especially to the high class customers who are much more conscious about the quality and performance of the product rather than the price. The company could offer the product at a price of $460 as compared to X5 tablets which was $ 290 dollar. The performance of the product can be better understood with the help of the following table. Source: (Elson, n.d.) From the above table, it can be viewed that the performance of X6 is quite impressive in its introductory stage i.e. in 2012 but fall slightly in the next year. However, the performance has been viewed to be more impressive in the maturity stages. It can be affirmed that the strategy of Clipboard relating to the product X6 is better than Joe as it made constant growth at the maturity stages with a little decline in the year 2013. The financial information of X6 belonging to Clipboard ha s been depicted hereunder. X6 2012 2013 2014 2015 Sales 1,059,527 1,618,949 2,007,420 1,578,907 Revenue 487,382,302 744,716,491 923,413,185 726,296,995 Variable cost 354,474,689 487,105,945 350,116,782 307,489,042 Total cost 400,134,689 332,765,945 695,776,782 353,149,042 Profit 150,352,448 252,405,545 324,272,694 244,997,705 Product X7 X7 tablets will be targeted to those customers who concern both the price as well as the performance of the product. The price of X7 can be offered at $180 keeping in mind the perception of the customers regarding the product. The performance of the product can be better understood with the following table. Source: (Elson, n.d.) From the above table, it can be stated that the performance of X7 is not quite satisfactory at the growth stage but increased as well as remained constant at the maturity stages. It can be stated that Clipboard successfully managed to maintain a steady growth of X7 product as compared to Joe as the products of Joe showed no s igns of growth and remained steady. The financial information about X7 product of Clipboard has been provided hereunder. Development Decision Clipboard would decide the potential of the products on the basis of their performance in the market. All the three products performed differently in the market irrespective of price as well as performance. In this similar concern, it can be stated that the company would have to focus more upon the areas of research and development as well as different

Imperial Rome Essay Example for Free

Imperial Rome Essay More than a thousand years ago, most of the civilized world was ruled by Rome, and the Roman Empires reach extended over hundreds of countries and cultures. It was one of the greatest empires that ever existed in the world. Its influence reached as far as Britain, Persia, and even Africa. During the life of the Empire, great achievements were conjured and its mark was immortalized in the annals of history. The Roman Empire built the foundation by which western civilization (as we know it today) was created. It produced many great and influential people, and as a super power, it was the keeper of order and stability in the tumultuous, early days of Rome. Laws and government systems that were conceptualized and enacted during this time stands as the basis for modern forms of governance, particularly that of democracy. Numerous modern languages can trace their roots from its lingua franca. While now a dead and dormant language, Latin is the language on which many etymologies are based. The empire has also given us Christianity, a religion that has significantly shaped world history and interconnected a myriad of cultures. This paper delves into the historical pieces, people, and events that make up Rome as a great empire, their influence, and how they affected the fate of the Empire and its people. The Twelve Tables as the basis for Roman Law The Twelve Tables, also known as Lex Duodecim Tabularum, were drafted in the mid-fifth century BC as the set of governing laws for the Roman Republic in its early days. Those times where ridden with great political and social struggles, so the drafting of laws that addressed their issues was a necessity. The legislation stood as the very foundation of Roman law. The Romans legal attitude and the mos maiorum, which are unwritten societal norms, conduct, or cultural tradition, are based on this system. By modern standards, some of its provisions can be considered barbaric, but it was by its principles that all Western legislation was later founded on. Though Romans realized that philosophy was not one of their strongest attributes, they took pride in their system of governance and legislation. The Tables established the basic principle of the legal code. This law, then, was solely based on interpretation, and the Tables, providing a concise resolution, transformed the legal system. A complete account of the Tables did not survive to modern times. What we have now are quotations and excepts from the original. Many were culled from the works of writers such as Cicero and Aulus Gellius. The Roman Conquest in the Punic Wars The Carthaginians, hailing from Phoenicia, were called â€Å"Poeni†, thus the term â€Å"Punic. † The Punic Wars were a series of wars fought between Rome and Carthage during the second and third century BC. There were three wars, the first one starting out because of a disintegration of the parties formerly good alliance. Before any rift could form, Rome and Carthage originally signed a treaty against a common enemy, Epirus. Territorial tensions and broken agreements eventually led to the first Punic War. Even though both sides did not originally have conflicting interests, the war lasted more than 20 years. In their final battle, the Romans scored a decisive victory. This set the direction of conquest that the Roman Empire took over the course of its history. Republic vs. Empire At first, a republic system suited Rome as a small city; the constitution and government was suited for its values and social structure. This Republic shaped the laws and systems by which Rome emerged as the worlds capital. However, as their might and influence began to grow, the people preferred the rule of an Emperor instead to that of the Republic, and one of the main conflicts in the Republic was brought about by class differences. Wealth was not equally distributed, and this caused a great social unrest to the lower classes. Cicero: One of Romes Most Influential Figures Cicero, also known as Marcus Tullius Cicero, is considered as the greatest Latin orator. His prose is considered prolific and is widely read, most of which deal with politics. In the ancient world, he is considered an influential philosopher. He lived in the time when the Roman Empire was starting to crumble, and being an actor, he took part in many performances depicting the political events of that period. Constantine and the Rise of Christianity in the Byzantine Era Constantine, also known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Augustus (to his troops), is one of the greatest rulers of the increasingly growing Roman Empire. He is famous for founding Constantinople (also Byzantium) as Romes new capital. One of his most influential acts is the Edict of Milan, a decree that legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire. This earned him the title as the â€Å"First Christian Emperor,† and is considered as one of the most significant factors that facilitated the spread of Christianity in the whole world. The the Greek-speaking, Constantinople-based Roman Empire is commonly referred to as the Byzantine Empire (also the Eastern Roman Empire). The Byzantine Era was characterized by the rise of Christianity as the common faith (as opposed to paganism). Aside from the growing religious transformation, the direction towards Hellenization, or a transformation towards a culturally and philosophically Greek-oriented society, was also underway. Spartacus and Slave Revolt There were several major slave revolts during the Roman times, the most notable of which was that of Spartacus in 73-71 BC. This was considered as the greatest of all slave revolts in the Empires history, but modern historians have not reached a consensus as to Spartacus reasons for leading it. Spartacus was trained as a gladiator, and some theorize that he despised battling in an arena for Roman entertainment, thus his rebellion. He led revolts all over Italy, the center of the uprising being in Campania, in southern Italy . Thousands of slaves escaped from their masters to join him in his plight, and it took a kings army to put a stop to this. The Barbarians and the Fall of the Empire Historians have attributed the fall of the Roman Empire to the Barbarians, which were either of Germanic or British origins. During the third century, the empire experienced a great economic and political crises. Germanic tribes sacked the Western Empire, which they were not prepared to withstand. The constant barbarian assaults, civil unrest, and rising costs of living contributed to the Empires inevitable demise. Bibliography Baker, G. P. (1930). Constantine the Great and the Christian Revolution 1930. Whitefish: Kessinger Publishing. Cornell, T. (1995). The Beginnings of Rome: Italy from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (Circa 1,000 to 264 B. C. ). London: Routledge.

The degradation of women

The degradation of women In society, females are degraded and denied the dignity and respect that men receive. For generations (and especially in under-developed countries) women have been denied access to equal opportunities, in cases of reading, writing, voting, family decision-making and career development. This inequality has been facilitated by cultural, religious and political barriers, and historically, women have been considered as the weaker sex, incapable of making rational and abstract decisions. Barriers to opportunities and sexist assumptions have caused women to become slaves within the male-dominated society. The equality of women vary across countries and cultures, as an example: in Arab countries, with high levels of Islam, women are denied access to leadership, management, and political positions, and, in turn, misrepresenting and denying them from decision-making processes. In China, the top political positions are choked with males. These traditions endanger females to male manipulation and control, limiting their opportunities. This affects women on an individual basis, and on the macro, societal environment, as they are unable to contribute to their families or wider circumstances. It is contended that the status of women must change, to be granted equal opportunities. This assessment will analyze The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Attwood, discussing the socio-political sphere of female inequality, and its relation to contemporary society. Overview of Topic In The Handmaids Tale, Attwood presents a dystopian world in which women are subjected to a variety of horrific treatments. Women are denied access to reading and writing and allowed only certain hobbies, such as gardening.   They are attached to men, and considered objects for child production, and expected to be loyal and submissive to their male counterparts, or masters, being rebellious is considered a serious crime with serious repercussions. Women have designated roles, dependent on their age, social status and ability to have children, placed into roles such as Wives, Handmaids, Jezebels and Marthas. The book takes place in the Republic of Gilead, which promotes male chauvinism and female degradation. The society in religious based, where values placed on the women are on the basis of their ability to reproduce. In this novel, the ideas of feminism have been warped. The new, religious political order dislikes the freedom of females, especially in areas of sex and contraception. The order believes that sex for pleasure, rather than reproduction, has led to infertility, and believes women are no longer treated with respect.   In contemporary society, feminism and female activism have increased, to afford the rights and privileges of women and remove the degradation of men. This has given women access to equal opportunities in a variety of aspects, including employment, healthcare, and education. The removal of the patriarchal society will benefit the community.   Discussion In Attwoods book, the decreased birth rates has presumably come from social and environmental degradation, the after-effect of dangerous gases. In a time of fear, and no children, a military coup and presidential killing led to a new state, that took control on womens bodies. Divorces were considered null, and females were unable to have bank accounts, hold jobs, vote, or read. They were denied their independence, and their social status was changed to be based on their husband’s monetary value, or their own reproductive value. This tale represents the importance of female independence, and the value that objects and activities hold to their independence. Including education, rights, property ownership, contraceptive decision making and child custody. The right to be educated is one of the most important aspects of female equality. Education allows them to contribute to society, and gain independence. According to Wollstonecraft, the degradation of women stems from the assumption that they are weak, irrational, and incapable of abstract thought. Education will empower women to make rational and abstract decisions, changing society to consider women as equal. Education will enable women to play a critical and dignified role in society, eliminating the male-dominated stereotype that women are incapable of making important decisions. Another way that women will avoid being degraded in the society is by being well prepared role models who give a dignified and respectful education to their children and this is attributed to the fact that women are the main educators and up bringers of most children in the society as cop0atredto the male counterparts. Women from the primary educators of young children thus by women having a relevant level of education on the family matters and the roles they play in the society modeling skills will give them the best opportunity to offer dignified and respectful service to the society countering the traditional thinking that women are not good role models. Biased thought which was based on the fact that women were less educated and would give falsified information while educating the youngsters. Based on the past experience women have been neglected when it comes to education opportunities and that has made men to stereotype women as toys and objects to be used by men to satisfy the needs of male ego resulting in the degradation of the value of women in the society for generations. Therefore by women getting the expected level of education on family matters especially on upbringing and making correct choices will dignify their inevitable and necessary contribution to the growth and development of the society as a whole. In the traditional setting women had been taught from infancy that beauty is a womans sceptre and this has made their minds to shape themselves to the body imprisoning women from achieving the best of themselves in the society. They have been made to be rational companions to their husbands who solely focus on the outward accomplishments limiting their complete participation and contribution to the society and this ideology has made women to be degraded based on the stereotypic male performance in the society, thus educating women to certain levels of understating will boost their dignity and respect as they will be able to have enough resources that will yield more contribution of women into societal realms. Women should get the most perfect education that boosts their understanding strengthening both the body and their hearts; this will render them independent both ideally and philosophically hence able to earn respect and dignity from the society as they have the necessary elements of knowledge that promotes the cementing of the society. In the Handmaids tale women are seen to have a deeper sense of attachment beyond what men is able to see. For instance Offred when interacting with Moira and the wife of the commander, talking about her daughter and her mother she constantly shows the implication that women connect more deeply rather than just a casual interaction. This illustration brings in the concept of sensibility in women which I think if well considered will increase the dignity and respect that is accorded to women in the modern society. This is simply because women as a whole unit should be able to come together and inform each other on the best way forward in the society instead of depending so much on their feelings in making irrational decisions that leads them to being degraded. In the novel Handmaids tale the wife of the commander reports the handmaid to the eyes or the police to be punished possibly by death because she became jealous after finding out the dress that her husband had given to the handmaid while they visited the secret lounge where jezebels entertained the state officials. Her decision was made based on her feelings instead of thinking and such kind of habit results to women being degraded their dignity especially in the eyes of the society and men. Therefore in order for women to gain dignity and respect they must corporate as one unit in tackling the issues that affect them for example in the handmaids tale the wife of the commander secretly cooperates with the handmaid in making her sleep with the commanders chauffeur so that both women dont get expelled to the colonies and sure enough it worked quiet swell. Hence in the modern society when women act and consult each other with respect and sense instead of letting their feeling to control them will be able to be dignified and respected more in the society (Wollstonecraft, 89). In addition to that for women to be dignified they should consider themselves as equal entities when it comes to representation especially in the political circles where they will be able to contribute to decisions made by the politicians regarding the society at large. Thus by women ensuring they attain certain representation in the leadership realms they will be able to be involved in the decision-making process e.g. on gender rights. Such involvement will ensure that women get their deserved dignity in the society rather than being degraded simply because they dont have a say in everything that greatly affect them. This is seen in the handmaids tale in the Gilead era where women have no rights to voting and leadership except serving as reproductive objects. In the modern world women especially in the totalitarian regimes like in Arab countries degrades women through their leadership and political tactics as they restrict women in participating in political and leadership making them less of human beings and more of objects. Therefore by women increasing their involvement in leadership and political participation they will be able to be dignified and respected as equal human beings. Another level in which I think when women attain they will not be degraded is the issues that regard career and professionalism. Most women in the past generations have been believed to do best as housewives and servants of their families. In the handmaids tale women are categorized based on the services the do in the society e.g. the hand maids, house wives, jezebels and aunts. Such categorizing of women and stereotyping imply that they can only perform as subordinates; for example in the novel women are seen as people to be led by men. The element of women being left behind in career choice and performance for instance by taking the traditionally so called manly courses like sciences has made them victims of degradation (Wollstonecraft, 89). Therefore by women taking charge of their profession by choosing classy careers like medicine and law they will be able to earn themselves dignity and respect just as men do because their misrepresentation in the manly careers has made them to be viewed as a weaker sex incapable of being accorded dignity and respect. In the handmaids tale women are seen to be used as objects for the fulfillment of mens needs like sexual and reproductive benefits. The handmaids are basically used to give birth to children for the commanders and the elites in the Gilead society. In the modern society women have been degraded because they are not economically and financially independent thus often get married to depend on men for provision of basic needs and this habit has made them to be degraded as dependable. Thus by women using education and their careers to attain financial freedom will reduce their dependency on men in the society which will in turn earn them dignity and respect as they dont depend men to sustain their lives hence they can make personal decisions regarding the best choices for their lives. In Gilead era women were the subjects of men and had no right to any profession for instance the televangelist whose career in the pre-Gilead era made her a dignified woman the society was striped off making her to be handmaid who was regularly controlled by the males as she was made dependent. Without a respectable career and independence women become less dignified and render them as a weaker sex in the society (Atwood, 123). For women to be dignified and respected in the society they should be able to be involved in the making of family decisions. This include issues of child birth, property ownership, rights to divorce, child care, access to contraceptives and family panning methods, abortion issues and the issues of polygamy. In handmaids tale women were owned by men making them their property e.g. Offred was owned by Fred and she was responsible for keeping birth to children for Fred and they didnt contribute to such decision, also the monthly sex ritual was purely mans decision and Offred distasted it as it violated her natural rights and degraded both her and the wife of Fred. In the modern society women especially those unaware of their natural regarding family decisions have been forced to polygamy, having many children and even denied justice regarding decision making on family rights and equality. Such has made them to be degraded in the society and therefore by women attaining certain level of understanding of their rights on family decisions they will be able to be accorded more dignity and respect by the society especially the men because they can use the legal means to get justice anytime their dignity has been suppressed unfairly. The more women get involved in the making of family decision the more dignity they will be able to acquire.Overview of Topic Contrary to the modern world, In Handmaid tale by Margaret Attwood its clear that in her dystopian world women are subjected to horrific treatments at all level of the society in that women are not allowed to read any of writing like magazines and tabloids, think, play mind games like scrabble, create things of their own abilities like gardening. Instead they are denied opportunities that would otherwise liberate them from the mens enslavery hence becoming vulnerable to be used as property and objects my men. In addition to that women are not supposed to be talking or even act in a rebellious way towards men instead they are expected by the society to be loyal and submissive to the men domino in the state. In the novel women have the chief role of concentrating in ensuring that they achieve their designated roles based on their levels of castes eh as wives, hand maids, Jezebels and Marthas. All the happenings experienced in the republic of Gilead are attributed to a pervasive, physic al as well as social degradation in the pre-Gilead era that made men to change the societal and political policies to degrade women dignity and promote male chauvinism in the state. All the treatment accorded to women in the Gilead era are supposedly intended to show the value of women and increase their dignity in the society after it was heavily degraded in the pre-Gilead era. In the Gilead era women have their values charged based on their abilities to use sex for reproduction purpose rather than for leisure. In the modern world there has been an increased attention towards feminism and other female activism that had seen women accorded much rights and privileges which made them to be degraded in the society my men. This is mainly attributed to the increased levels of radical feminism that has depicted men as the cause of most of womens problems and suffering yet in reality women have increasing degraded as a result of the after math of the intensifying feminism in the pre-Gilead society. Out of the attention given to women affairs they have been enable to easily access contraceptives, abortion services and use of sex for pleasure leading to reduced population in the state. According to the Gilead generation such feminism had led to women being used by women as sex objects and property and therefore the new state was targeting at offering women with their lost dignity and respect. In the modern society women activism and feminism has increased and spread its effects to the more conservative and traditional societies empowering women to know their natural rights making them to carry out a revolution against the past injustices against them in the society. This has seen women access equal opportunities in alls aspects of life and more informed generation of women who sufficiently contribute to the growth and development of the society initially dominated by degrading men. Discussion In handmaids tale the result of decreased birth rates was presumably because of social and environmental degradation during the pre-Gilead era which led to coup that formed new state that took control of women bodies and used them chiefly for reproduction purposes. In attaining their goals the state denied women privileges of voting, reading, holding property and anything else that would make them independent and empowered thus promoting the mens ability to undermine their dignity. Therefore in the modern society its clear that women have to attain some level of various things in order to be dignified in the society. Some of these thing that women need to attain I order not to be degraded include being, educated, aware of their rights, regarding both state and family issues like birth, abortion, property ownership, child custody and decision making processes in issues that affects them. For a woman to be respected and dignified in the modern society one of the things that women should attain is their rights to be educated rationally thus giving them an opportunity of making a full contribution to societies they come from. According to Wollstonecraft women have been degraded by their societies simply because they have been assumed that they are weak beings who are not able to make rational or even abstract thought about the society. Therefore for them to be seen as equal beings who can contribute to the development of the society just as the way men do, they should attain certain level of education that will serve to empower them to make rational and abstract decisions that will steer their societies ahead thus making them to be respected and dignified as human beings. Therefore by women getting the appropriate education and training they will be able to play a critical and dignified role in the society which helps in eliminating the male stereotypic thinking that wo men are incapable of making societal decisions. When women get educated they are capable of thinking and acting as men contrary to the traditional assumption and hence success in the society resulting from educated women will help to reverse the biased thinking thus giving them a deserved dignity and respect from all quarters of the society. Another way that women will avoid being degraded in the society is by being well prepared role models who give a dignified and respectful education to their children and this is attributed to the fact that women are the main educators and up bringers of most children in the society as cop0atredto the male counterparts. Women from the primary educators of young children thus by women having a relevant level of education on the family matters and the roles they play in the society modeling skills will give them the best opportunity to offer dignified and respectful service to the society countering the traditional thinking that women are not good role models. Biased thought which was based on the fact that women were less educated and would give falsified information while educating the youngsters. Based on the past experience women have been neglected when it comes to education opportunities and that has made men to stereotype women as toys and objects to be used by men to satisfy the needs of male ego resulting in the degradation of the value of women in the society for generations. Therefore by women getting the expected level of education on family matters especially on upbringing and making correct choices will dignify their inevitable and necessary contribution to the growth and development of the society as a whole. In the traditional setting women had been taught from infancy that beauty is a womans sceptre and this has made their minds to shape themselves to the body imprisoning women from achieving the best of themselves in the society. They have been made to be rational companions to their husbands who solely focus on the outward accomplishments limiting their complete participation and contribution to the society and this ideology has made women to be degraded based on the stereotypic male performance in the society, thus educating women to certain levels of understating will boost their dignity and respect as they will be able to have enough resources that will yield more contribution of women into societal realms. Women should get the most perfect education that boosts their understanding strengthening both the body and their hearts; this will render them independent both ideally and philosophically hence able to earn respect and dignity from the society as they have the necessary element s of knowledge that promotes the cementing of the society. In the Handmaids tale women are seen to have a deeper sense of attachment beyond what men is able to see. For instance Offred when interacting with Moira and the wife of the commander, talking about her daughter and her mother she constantly shows the implication that women connect more deeply rather than just a casual interaction. This illustration brings in the concept of sensibility in women which I think if well considered will increase the dignity and respect that is accorded to women in the modern society. This is simply because women as a whole unit should be able to come together and inform each other on the best way forward in the society instead of depending so much on their feelings in making irrational decisions that leads them to being degraded. In the novel Handmaids tale the wife of the commander reports the handmaid to the eyes or the police to be punished possibly by death because she became jealous after finding out the dress that her husband had given to the handmaid while they visited the secret lounge where jezebels entertained the state officials. Her decision was made based on her feelings instead of thinking and such kind of habit results to women being degraded their dignity especially in the eyes of the society and men. Therefore in order for women to gain dignity and respect they must corporate as one unit in tackling the issues that affect them for example in the handmaids tale the wife of the commander secretly cooperates with the handmaid in making her sleep with the commanders chauffeur so that both women dont get expelled to the colonies and sure enough it worked quiet swell. Hence in the modern society when women act and consult each other with respect and sense instead of letting their feeling to control them will be able to be dignified and respected more in the society (Wollstonecraft, 89). In addition to that for women to be dignified they should consider themselves as equal entities when it comes to representation especially in the political circles where they will be able to contribute to decisions made by the politicians regarding the society at large. Thus by women ensuring they attain certain representation in the leadership realms they will be able to be involved in the decision-making process e.g. on gender rights. Such involvement will ensure that women get their deserved dignity in the society rather than being degraded simply because they dont have a say in everything that greatly affect them. This is seen in the handmaids tale in the Gilead era where women have no rights to voting and leadership except serving as reproductive objects. In the modern world women especially in the totalitarian regimes like in Arab countries degrades women through their leadership and political tactics as they restrict women in participating in political and leadership making th em less of human beings and more of objects. Therefore by women increasing their involvement in leadership and political participation they will be able to be dignified and respected as equal human beings. Another level in which I think when women attain they will not be degraded is the issues that regard career and professionalism. Most women in the past generations have been believed to do best as housewives and servants of their families. In the handmaids tale women are categorized based on the services the do in the society e.g. the hand maids, house wives, jezebels and aunts. Such categorizing of women and stereotyping imply that they can only perform as subordinates; for example in the novel women are seen as people to be led by men. The element of women being left behind in career choice and performance for instance by taking the traditionally so called manly courses like sciences has made them victims of degradation (Wollstonecraft, 89). Therefore by women taking charge of their profession by choosing classy careers like medicine and law they will be able to earn themselves dignity and respect just as men do because their misrepresentation in the manly careers has made them to be viewed as a weaker sex incapable of being accorded dignity and respect. In the handmaids tale women are seen to be used as objects for the fulfillment of mens needs like sexual and reproductive benefits. The handmaids are basically used to give birth to children for the commanders and the elites in the Gilead society. In the modern society women have been degraded because they are not economically and financially independent thus often get married to depend on men for provision of basic needs and this habit has made them to be degraded as dependable. Thus by women using education and their careers to attain financial freedom will reduce their dependency on men in the society which will in turn earn them dignity and respect as they dont depen d men to sustain their lives hence they can make personal decisions regarding the best choices for their lives. In Gilead era women were the subjects of men and had no right to any profession for instance the televangelist whose career in the pre-Gilead era made her a dignified woman the society was striped off making her to be handmaid who was regularly controlled by the males as she was made dependent. Without a respectable career and independence women become less dignified and render them as a weaker sex in the society (Atwood, 123). For women to be dignified and respected in the society they should be able to be involved in the making of family decisions. This include issues of child birth, property ownership, rights to divorce, child care, access to contraceptives and family panning methods, abortion issues and the issues of polygamy. In handmaids tale women were owned by men making them their property e.g. Offred was owned by Fred and she was responsible for keeping birth to children for Fred and they didnt contribute to such decision, also the monthly sex ritual was purely mans decision and Offred distasted it as it violated her natural rights and degraded both her and the wife of Fred. In the modern society women especially those unaware of their natural regarding family decisions have been forced to polygamy, having many children and even denied justice regarding decision making on family rights and equality. Such has made them to be degraded in the society and therefore by women attaining certain level of understanding of their rights on family decisions they will be able to be accorded more dignity and respect by the society especially the men because they can use the legal means to get justice anytime their dignity has been suppressed unfairly. The more women get involved in the making of family decision the more dignity they will be able to acquire.